![Looking Down Congress Street in 1954](https://www.portlandoldport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/65832093_2426095577454854_2699027851910316032_n.jpg)
![Present Day](https://www.portlandoldport.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/2024.jpg)
When the British settlers established Portland in the early 18th century, the population predominantly settled along the waterfront near present-day India Street. Initially known as Back Street and later Queen Street, Congress Street emerged as a significant passage, with notable landmarks such as the First Parish Meeting House, constructed in 1740 and later replaced in the 1820s. Until the period of the American Revolutionary War, Back Street represented the town’s outer limits.
Following the reconstruction efforts after the British naval forces burned down the town in 1775, Congress Street began to witness increased development. Among the earliest post-Revolution private residences was the Wadsworth-Longfellow House, built in 1785. During the 1800s, the area around Congress Square, High Street, and State Street saw the construction of Federal-style homes commissioned by merchants, ship captains, and other prominent figures. It wasn’t until 1823 where it took the name Congress Street.
Although the Great Fire of 1866 caused widespread destruction in Portland, Congress Street west of Temple Street emerged unscathed. However, City Hall and the eastern section of the street leading to Munjoy Hill were completely razed. By the early 20th century, Portland had transformed into a bustling commercial center with a growing tourism sector. The stretch of Congress Street between Monument and Congress Squares became famous for its high-end retail outlets and department stores. A notable milestone occurred in 1910 when the Fidelity Trust Company constructed Portland’s inaugural skyscraper at Monument Square.
The Great Depression halted construction projects, while the subsequent economic upturn during World War II emphasized the importance of manufacturing ships and war materials, overshadowing urban development initiatives.
In the following decade, the expansion of the Maine Mall area in South Portland and the resurgence of the Old Port district played a role in diminishing Congress Street’s appeal as a retail hub. Nevertheless, the onset of the 21st century heralded a fresh era for Congress Street and downtown Portland, characterized by notable development projects, the likes of which had not been seen since the 1970s.
As new businesses emerge and ongoing developments unfold along Congress Street, Portland continues its evolutionary trajectory, mirroring the transformation that has defined its history.